John Maynard Keynes

economist · 11 mentions across 6 readings

In this course

Keynes appears primarily through his famous "beauty contest" thought experiment, which the readings invoke to theorize how players make decisions under uncertainty by modeling others' expectations rather than acting on independent judgment. This concept becomes crucial for understanding algorithmic and platform behavior: the excerpts use it to frame how systems achieve coordination through recursive prediction of what others will choose, mirroring how machine learning models learn by anticipating downstream user behavior. The reference anchors contemporary discussions of bounded rationality and cognitive hierarchy models to a mid-century economic insight about cascading beliefs and rational irrationality.

Mentioned in 6 readings

Colin F. Camerer, Teck-Hua Ho, et al.

A Cognitive Hierarchy Theory of Games

4

A COGNITIVE HIERARCHY MODEL OF GAMES Players in a game are “in equilibrium” if they are rational, and accurately predict other players’ strategies. In many experiments, however, players are not in equilibrium. An alternative is “cognitive …contest in which people guess which faces others will judge to be the most beautiful. “It is not the case of choosing those which, to the best of one’s judgment, are really the prettiest, nor even those which average opinion genuinely think…Gabaix, Xavier, and David Laibson, “A Boundedly Rational Decision Algorithm,” American Economic Review, XC (May 2000), 433–438. Gabaix, Xavier, David Laibson, Guillermo Moloche, and Stephen Weinberg, “The Allocation of Attention: Theory an…

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Scott Benzel

Notes on Foxacid, Quantumsquirrel, Weeping Angel

2

However, if a browser tries to visit a FoxAcid server with a special URL, called a FoxAcid tag, the server attempts to infect that browser, and then the computer, in an effort to take control of it. The NSA can trick browsers into using tha…Operation Vula, quote stuffing, hydras, Vortex, “Bayesian flooding” and “unselling” Generalizing FaceCloak; exploit and asymmetry… Fogging, Flooding, and Surfacing, Amplification, Inhibition, Wiping… [^1]: Lyotard, Jean Francois. tr. Ian …

Tiqqun

The Cybernetic Hypothesis

2

That the economic sectors of information, communication, and control have taken ever more of a part in the economy since the Industrial Revolution, and that "intangible labor" has grown relative to tangible labor, is nothing surprising or n…possible to put things into equivalence even before such a putting of things into equivalence has effectively taken place, a conditioning that is also a condition of agreement about the market. It's true for goods, and it's true for people.…

Benjamin H. Bratton

Platform and Stack, Model and Machine

1

platforms, from urban street grids to Google, and so to consider their common operations, some abstraction is necessary. Part of their alterity to normal public and private operations is the apparently paradoxical way that they standardize …

David Golumbia

from Bitcoin, Software as Rightwing Extremism

1

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I.J. Good

Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine

1

B. V. Bowden stated on British television (August 1962) that there is no point in building a machine with the intelligence of a man, since it is easier to construct human brains by the usual method. A similar point was made by a speaker dur…

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