Second-order cybernetics thoroughly addresses information from a human perspective: “Information is, of course, the process by which knowledge is acquired, and knowledge is the processes that integrate past and present experiences to form n…Earlier in this chapter the idea that the primary motivation of the artist and the art-object is to connect with the audience was introduced, thereby engendering interaction and communication among artist, artwork, and audience (Ascott 2007…Shanken, E. (2007). Telematic embrace: Visionary theories of art, technology, and consciousness by Roy Ascott. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Shannon, C. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. In C. Shannon & W. Weave…
Heinz von Foerster
scientist · 4 mentions across 2 readings
In this course
Heinz von Foerster was an Austrian-American physicist and philosopher who pioneered second-order cybernetics, a reflexive turn that places the observer within the system being observed rather than outside it. The course readings invoke him primarily through his reconceptualization of information and knowledge as inherently relational and human-centered processes, enabling discussions of how feedback, observation, and self-reference operate in both biological and artistic systems. His work becomes crucial for theorizing interactive art and telematic systems that require understanding how the observer's participation transforms what is being communicated.
Mentioned in 2 readings
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Roy Ascott 2Norbert Wiener 2Carl von Clausewitz 1Claude Elwood Shannon 1Elon Reeve Musk 1Fan Hui 1Francis Bacon 1Francisco Varela 1Howard Scott 1Humberto Maturana 1Joshua Haldeman 1Marion King Hubbert 1Max Weber 1Napoleon Bonaparte 1Niccolò Machiavelli 1QNTM 1Sun Tzu 1Thucydides 1William Edward Burghardt Du Bois 1Andrew Shanken 1José María Díaz Nafría 1Marcel Duchamp 1Beatrice Zics 1Carlos Vidales 1Claude Shannon 1Crispin Wania 1Graeme Sullivan 1Jenifer Tidwell 1Katherine McCain 1Leonard Shlain 1