Reality can be studied at different levels, so forms of “levelism” have often been advocated in the past.[^1] In the 1970s, levelism nicely dovetailed with the computational turn and became a standard approach both in science and in philoso…Second, the method is anti-metaphysical, again in a Kantian sense. Metaphysics is—when used as a negative label—what is done by sloppy reasoning when it pretends to develop a theory without taking into consideration, at least implicitly, th…The two kinds of “structured analysis” just introduced are of course interrelated. Different LoEs—e.g., the end-user’s LoE of how an applications package is to be used versus the programmer’s LoE of how it is executed by the machine—are con…
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