a mathematical standpoint heterarchy is the more general category and subsumes hierarchy as a special case (von Goldammer et al., 2003). While heterarchy may be modeled mathematically, it need not rely on mathematical or spatial representat…There is considerable evidence for heterarchical social and political formations in the past. The archaeological record records many forms of social power (Angelbeck and Grier, 2012; Chapman, 2003; Crumley, 2003; Ehrenreich et al., 1995; Ko…
Angelbeck
scientist · 2 mentions across 1 reading
In this course
Angelbeck (with Grier) contributes archaeological evidence for heterarchical social formations, demonstrating that non-hierarchical and multi-centered power structures existed historically and are therefore not merely theoretical constructs. This work grounds the course's engagement with heterarchy—a concept crucial to understanding alternatives to traditional command-and-control systems in both natural and designed networks—in material historical reality rather than abstraction alone.
Mentioned in 1 reading
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