a mathematical standpoint heterarchy is the more general category and subsumes hierarchy as a special case (von Goldammer et al., 2003). While heterarchy may be modeled mathematically, it need not rely on mathematical or spatial representat…There is considerable evidence for heterarchical social and political formations in the past. The archaeological record records many forms of social power (Angelbeck and Grier, 2012; Chapman, 2003; Crumley, 2003; Ehrenreich et al., 1995; Ko…
Angelbeck
scientist · 2 mentions across 1 reading
In this course
Angelbeck, working in archaeological contexts, provides evidence for heterarchical social formations that challenge hierarchical models of human organization. Their work (cited alongside Crumley and Chapman) demonstrates that non-hierarchical power structures are not modern inventions but have deep historical precedent, making heterarchy a materially grounded concept rather than merely theoretical abstraction. This empirical grounding is crucial for the seminar's interrogation of how power, control, and organization function in systems—whether past societies or contemporary computational networks.
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