There are also efforts to redefine hierarchy in a way that allows for varying degrees of connectivity and control (e.g., Ahl and Allen, 1996; Allen and Starr, 1982; Bondarenko, 2007). In a control hierarchy each higher level exerts control …There is considerable evidence for heterarchical social and political formations in the past. The archaeological record records many forms of social power (Angelbeck and Grier, 2012; Chapman, 2003; Crumley, 2003; Ehrenreich et al., 1995; Ko…
Crumley
other · 2 mentions across 1 reading
In this course
Crumley appears in the archaeological literature on non-hierarchical social formations, cited here alongside work demonstrating heterarchical (rather than strictly hierarchical) power structures in past societies. The reference anchors the course's interest in alternative organizational logics—moving away from rigid top-down control toward distributed, multi-centered systems—a conceptual move central to rethinking cybernetics and governance in contemporary contexts.
Mentioned in 1 reading
Appears alongside
People mentioned in the same passages — sorted by co-occurrence weight.