Caption: None Figure text: zero books

SLIME DYNAMICS

Slime

Dynamics Generation, Mutation, and the Creep of Life

Slime

Dynamics Generation, Mutation, and the Creep of Life

Ben Woodard

Figure text: zero books

Winchester, UK Washington, USA

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setting of both novels, the city of Ambergris, is a place where the original inhabitants, a race of sentient mushrooms called the gray caps, were forced underground. Vandermeer’s book is an oddity of form constituted by a thrice edited manuscript which suggests the unreliability of all its narrators as well as history itself (history being the main concern of the text both familial and on a wider scale). Vandermeer’s texts infuse genealogical history with the hallucinatory and unpredictability of fungus forming a decaying yet growing patchwork form of history, a history that, in its very form, is rotting to mush.[^59]

The fungoid, the fundamental creepiness of life, displays the unhinged spatiality of life as well as its rampant ungrounding, of the very surface which seems necessary in order to sustain it and all other life forms. Evident in the above epigraph, Thomas Ligotti’s tales are replete with fungus as a simultaneous operative of gross life and perpetual decay. In the “Bungalow House” the narrator becomes obsessed with an odd local artist who describes an old bungalow house, with a “threadbare carpet” of “verminous bodies,” and filled with “naturally revolting forms.”[^60]

Furthermore, in Ligotti’s “Severini” the narrator discusses the odd artist Severini and the works of his followers which are classified under the unofficial name “the nightmare of the organism”[^61] The most relevant title of these fictional works being “The Descent into the Fungal.”[^62]

Severini himself lives in a small shack out in the jungle, described as a “tropical sewer”[^63] sitting amidst trees and vines where there were “giant flowers that smelled like rotting meat” in the fungus and muck.[^64] The followers of Severini dream of a temple amidst a fetid landscape with “the walls seeping with slime and soft with mold.”[^65]

The sight of Severini’s shack is unbearable to the narrator as he states that “I never looked directly into the pools of oozing life” and that, unlike the others, he did not “wish to exist as a fungus exists or as a form of multi-colored slime mold exists.”[^66] Ligotti’s narrator promptly burns the place to the ground. The characters of “Severini” dangerously short-circuit the generative slime of unbound growth and the slime as the morass of the decayed linked together as “that great black life from which we have all emerged and of which we are all made.”[^67]

To swing back to literal fungus, the intertwining of life and death has long been a mark of fungoid existence, with the death and darknesses of forests being populated by fungus which thrives in the hollow remnants of more majestic vegetative growth. In this sense, fungus is representative of death and not another form of life. The fungal marks the unnerving transitive nature of somaticism – the food of the dead and the fruiting bodies. Fungal bodies are thus hardly bodies at all as they stretch the conceptual limits of their own bodies as well as destroy and decay the purportedly solidity of other bodies. Yet such processes are hardly restrictive to the mushroom. The first of the four stages of decomposition (fresh, bloat, decay and dry) is autolysis – when the cells of a living thing self destruct as the body essentially begins to consume itself. The fungal merely aid the process of decomposition of decay, by thriving in layers of generative putrefaction. Whereas decay is the breakdown of tissues following the cessation of an organism’s life, putrefaction is the aided process of life breaking down. If there is a central disgust to fungus, or to plant life in general, it is because creeping life is a life stripped down to its mechanisms, processes, and breakdowns.

To return to fictional territory, Stanley Weinbaum’s protoplasmic monsters of an impossible Venus, located in tropical jungles in his stories “Parasite Planet” and “The Lotus Eaters” expand on the inherently disgusting nature of plant life and particularly of fungus. The atmosphere of Weinbaum’s Venus is filled with “uncounted millions of the spores of those fierce Venusian molds” capable of sprouting “in furry and nauseating masses.”[^68] The Venusian jungles contain a terrible scene as “avid and greedy life was emerging, wriggling mud grass and the bulbous fungi called ‘walking balls. And all around a million little slimy creatures slithered across the mud, eating each

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and even more, if something reasons and is a form of life it must not be a complete assault on the senses.

The amorphousness of fungal life indexes life’s reliance not on the necessary thinkability of life but, as evidence above, its connection to the earth, to the inorganic, and the long strand of succession of physical and chemical forms leading to its accidental development. The spatiality of fungal life as different from the networked life of contagion (of time overcoming space) is the spatial overcoming of time, the revenge of an old earth and old life being reinscribed and mutated against itself as in the case of Iain Hamilton Grant’s anti-somatic Schelling.

Again life becomes that of being trapped between (bare) matter and mattering (being generative and mattering, and having meaning). We will address the possible rampancy of the organic in the following chapter, questioning the possibility of life across multiple biospheres and its relation to nature on the cosmic scale.

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nsects as they mindlessly follow the orders of their queen and act only to propagate their vile species. The Lovecraftian influence comes from the weird and amorphousness of alien life which he created— aliens with almost imperceptible forms and near god-like powers. The result of Lovecraft’s mythos is the minimization of the human race, a depressive expansion of the Great Chain of Being where instead of an omnipotent god at one end with humans not far beneath, there is only an ever stretching stream of entities with humanity lost in its perilous contortion. Or, as Gould points out via Freud, each scientific advance means the further existential dethronement of homosapiens in the universe.[^96]

This lostness and dethronement is redoubled temporally following the natural history of Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer who through his focus on extinction events revealed a nature in which humanity’s place is not only tenuous due to other possible organisms but due to the small span of time we have occupied.[^97] For Kielmeyer a species’ ability to reproduce, to fill time, is what might guarantee its future survival.[^98]

As Michel Houellebecq writes in HP Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life: “It is possible, in fact, that beyond the narrow range of our perception, other entities exist. Other creatures, other races, other concepts and other minds. Amongst these entities some are probably far superior to us in intelligence and in knowledge. But this is not necessarily good news.”[^99]

Lovecraft contorts the very concept of a taxonomy to its temporal and spatial limits submitting to us that organic life itself barely gets in the way of the cosmic course of time (and space) when he writes “we imagine that the welfare of our race is the paramount consideration, when as a matter of fact the very existence of the race may be an obstacle to the predestined course of the aggregated universes of infinity!”[^100]

Under Lovecraft’s indifferentism humans become just another form of matter in the universe, simply another form of entropic fodder in a mechanistic cosmos. Lovecraft’s indifference is deeply connected, as ST Joshi has shown, to his commitment to the work of Ernst Haeckel.[^101] Haeckel was a zoologist in Germany at the turn of the 20th century known widely for his recapitulation theory which states that an organism in development went through the developments of the particular species on the whole. Haeckel, in at least partial agreement with Weissmann, states that individual life is generally sacrificial, as only a small fragment of life at large. Lovecraft’s materialism, again following Joshi, becomes after some time, far more obscured than Haeckel’s.[^102] Yet Haeckel’s germ plasm maintains a Lovecraftian flavor in that life in general is a force that cannot be reduced to particular organisms with organisms only being an excrescence, a bud a sprout.[^103]

The important point of Lovecraft’s bestiary is not he designated his creatures as not supernatural but as supernormal, keeping nature in in all its monstrous capacity.[^104] Lovecraft speaks of the tension between the natural and the unnatural is his short story “The Unnameable.” He writes: “[...] if the psychic emanations of human creatures be grotesque distortions, what coherent representation could express or portray so gibbous and infamous a nebulosity as the spectre of a malign, chaotic perversion, itself a morbid blasphemy against Nature?”[^105] Lovecraft explores exactly the tension outlined at the beginning of this chapter, between life and thought. At the end of his short tale Lovecraft compounds the problem as the unnameable is described as “a gelatin—a slime—yet it had shapes, a thousand shapes of horror beyond all memory.”[^106]

Another realm where thought insufficiently grasps the rampancy of biological life is the often unimaginative work of xenobiologists. As Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart discuss in “Alien Science” much of contemporary xenobiology is so narrow as to exclude organisms that exist on the earth— creatures capable of thriving in extreme environments such as near heat vents or fungus inside the light-less interior of the Chernobyl sarcophagus. That is, the criteria for alien life would pass over

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particularly in his early works, is adamant about the necessary material pre-condition of all thought and all being. Nature is completely indifferent to human existence how is it then that intelligence is removed from the developments of nature?[^121]

How does the concept of valorized intelligence manifest itself?

Warren Fahy’s Fragment provides an interesting account of the perceived division (in terms of value) between intelligence and the biological. In the novel an isolated island is discovered where evolution has taken a very different path, producing highly unusual creatures such as disc-shaped ants, eight legged spider cats and carnivorous plants. A group of scientists speculate as to have the bizarre species came to be with one invoking a radicalized view of Haeckle.[^122]

The human villain of the story, Thatcher Redmond proposes that the hyper-violent biosphere of the island is perfect because it is absent of an intelligent species,[^123] his theory being that humans are the biggest threat to the earth because of their intelligence.[^124] He states that “Intelligent life is an environmental cancer.”[^125]

Redmond’s theory falls apart when the expedition team discovers (and is saved by) an intelligent life form which the scientists decide they must save from the looming nuclear bombardment simply because the creature’s intelligence makes it more human.[^126] The narratological shift in attitude based on the discovery of the intelligent ape in the novel betrays its initial Lovecraftian aspects, immediately becoming a humanist celebration of life and of the capacity of intelligence to stabilize life[^127] lending itself to an uncritical ecological positivity.

Fahy’s dismissal of the capacities of radical biology in the face of intelligence in popular fiction confirms Schelling’s misgivings surrounding the dominant treatment of nature in philosophy. This treatment denies that nature is prior to thinking,[^128] that the ideal must be explained through the real[^129] and that man sublates nature, placing ourselves at the peak of its production.[^130]

Schelling’s genetic philosophy of nature is situated in the romantic era of science creating a tension between the scientific investigation of life and the aesthetic concerns of German Idealism. Schelling’s articulation of thought however is not blindly romantic in that it ignores, or at least problematizes, anthropocentrism, it is unromantic precisely in its assertion that humanity cannot escape the base material nature of existence.

As Robert Richards points out in The Romantic Conception of Life, Schelling placed organisms at the center of his philosophy of nature and set up the absolute, the central entity of his philosophy, as an organically functioning entity.[^131] Schelling developed his notion of the organic (and of the absolute as organic) from his contemporaries in the natural sciences namely Humboldt, Blumenbach, Keilmeyer, and Reil.[^132]

However, as Iain Hamilton Grant points out in his Philosophies of Nature after Schelling, Schelling’s philosophy cannot be reduced to only the organism and has its roots in a multitude of issues and, in particular the issue of temporality.[^133] As Grant writes: “The philosophy of natural history from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries was structured around the problems of reality as against the phenomenality of time.”[^134]

For Schelling, nature is both product and productivity, the products being formed by two forces opposing one another, the negative force retarding the positive it in the form of a whirlpool[^135] which can also be thought of as an infinite development of ideal archetypes in nature which are attempted in time and space but are never perfectible.[^136] In many ways Schelling’s philosophy prefigures powers metaphysics in that there are productive and restrictive powers in nature as well as archetypes or patterns.

The product and production relation of Schelling’s nature should not be seen as supporting the

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